4.2. Bootstrap aggregating#

4.2.1. Basic bagging#

One approach to get many estimators is to use the same training algorithm for every predictor and train them on different random subsets of the training set. When sampling is performed with replacement, this method is called bagging (short for bootstrap aggregating). When sampling is performed without replacement, it is called pasting.

Consider the following example. The dataset is the one we used in Chpater 3: make_moon. We split the dataset into training and test sets.

from sklearn.datasets import make_moons
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

X, y = make_moons(n_samples=10000, noise=0.4, random_state=42)
plt.scatter(x=X[:, 0], y=X[:, 1], c=y)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.15)
../_images/randomforest_1_0.png

We would like to sample from the dataset to get some smaller minisets. We will use sklearn.model_selection.ShuffleSplit to perform the action.

The output of ShuffleSplit is a generator. To get the index out of it we need a for loop. You may check out the following code.

Note that ShuffleSplit is originally used to shuffle data into training and test sets. We would only use the shuffle function out of it, so we will set test_size to be 1 and use _ later in the for loop since we won’t use that part of the information.

What we finally get is a generator rs that produces indexes of subsets of X_train and y_train.

from sklearn.model_selection import ShuffleSplit
n_trees = 1000
n_instances = 100
rs = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=n_trees, test_size=1, train_size=n_instances).split(X_train)

Now we would like to generate a list of Decision Trees. We could use the hyperparameters we get from Chapter 3. We train each tree over a certain mini set, and then evaluate the trained model over the test set. The average accuracy is around 80%.

Note that rs is a generator. We put it in a for loop, and during each loop it will produce a list of indexes which gives a subset. We will directly train our model over the subset and use it to predict the test set. The result of each tree is put in the list y_pred_list and the accuracy is stored in the list acc_list. The mean of the accuracy is then computed by np.mean(acc_list).

from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
import numpy as np

y_pred_list = list()
acc_list = list()
for mini_train_index, _ in rs:
    X_subset = X_train[mini_train_index]
    y_subset = y_train[mini_train_index]
    clf_ind = DecisionTreeClassifier(min_samples_split=2, max_leaf_nodes=17)
    clf_ind.fit(X_subset, y_subset)
    y_pred = clf_ind.predict(X_test)
    y_pred_list.append(y_pred)
    acc_list.append(accuracy_score(y_pred, y_test))

np.mean(acc_list)

0.7960066666666666

Now for each test data, we actually have n_trees=1000 predicted results. We can treat it as the options from 1000 exports and would like to use the majority as our result. For this purpose we would like to use mode() which will find the most frequent entry.

from scipy.stats import mode
voting = np.array(y_pred_list)
y_pred_mode, _ = mode(voting, axis=0)
y_pred_mode = y_pred_mode.reshape(-1)

C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3802574441.py:3: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  y_pred_mode, _ = mode(voting, axis=0)

Since the output of mode is a tuple where the first entry is a 2D array, we need to reshape y_pred_mode. This is the result using this voting system. Then we are able to compute the accuracy, and find that it is increased from the previous prediction.

accuracy_score(y_pred_mode, y_test)

0.8593333333333333

4.2.2. Some rough analysis#

The point of Bagging is to let every classifier study part of the data, and then gather the opinions from everyone. If the performance are almost the same between individual classifers and the Bagging classifiers, this means that the majority of the individual classifiers have the same opinions. One possible reason is that the randomized subsets already catch the main features of the dataset that every individual classifiers behave similar.

4.2.2.1. Case 1#

Let us continue with the previous dataset. We start from using Decision Tree with max_depth=1. In other words each tree only split once.

n_trees = 500
n_instances = 1000
rs = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=n_trees, test_size=1, train_size=n_instances).split(X_train)
y_pred_list = list()
acc_list = list()
for mini_train_index, _ in rs:
    X_subset = X_train[mini_train_index]
    y_subset = y_train[mini_train_index]
    clf_ind = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=1)
    clf_ind.fit(X_subset, y_subset)
    y_pred = clf_ind.predict(X_test)
    y_pred_list.append(y_pred)
    acc_list.append(accuracy_score(y_pred, y_test))
print('The mean of individual accuracy: {}'.format(np.mean(acc_list)))

voting = np.array(y_pred_list)
y_pred_mode, _ = mode(voting, axis=0)
y_pred_mode = y_pred_mode.reshape(-1)
print('The accuracy of the bagging classifier: {}'.format(accuracy_score(y_pred_mode, y_test)))

The mean of individual accuracy: 0.7789079999999999
The accuracy of the bagging classifier: 0.782

C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\1313480045.py:17: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  y_pred_mode, _ = mode(voting, axis=0)

The two accuracy has some differences, but not much. This is due to the fact that the sample size of the subset is too large: 1000 can already help the individual classifers to capture the major ideas of the datasets. Let us see the first 1000 data points. The scattering plot is very similar to that of the whole dataset shown above.

Npiece = 1000
plt.scatter(x=X[:Npiece, 0], y=X[:Npiece, 1], c=y[:Npiece])

<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x21828c02da0>
../_images/randomforest_13_1.png

4.2.2.2. Case 2#

If we reduce the sample size to be very small, for example, 20, the sampled subset will lose a lot of information and it will be much harder to capture the idea of the original dataset. See the scattering plot of the first 20 data points.

Npiece = 20
plt.scatter(x=X[:Npiece, 0], y=X[:Npiece, 1], c=y[:Npiece])

<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x21829cb5de0>
../_images/randomforest_15_1.png

In this case, let us see the performance comparison between multiple decision trees and the bagging classifier.

n_trees = 500
n_instances = 20
rs = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=n_trees, test_size=1, train_size=n_instances).split(X_train)
y_pred_list = list()
acc_list = list()
for mini_train_index, _ in rs:
    X_subset = X_train[mini_train_index]
    y_subset = y_train[mini_train_index]
    clf_ind = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=1)
    clf_ind.fit(X_subset, y_subset)
    y_pred = clf_ind.predict(X_test)
    y_pred_list.append(y_pred)
    acc_list.append(accuracy_score(y_pred, y_test))
print('The mean of individual accuracy: {}'.format(np.mean(acc_list)))

voting = np.array(y_pred_list)
y_pred_mode, _ = mode(voting, axis=0)
y_pred_mode = y_pred_mode.reshape(-1)
print('The accuracy of the bagging classifier: {}'.format(accuracy_score(y_pred_mode, y_test)))

The mean of individual accuracy: 0.7320173333333333
The accuracy of the bagging classifier: 0.808

C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\2224569904.py:17: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  y_pred_mode, _ = mode(voting, axis=0)

This time you may see a significant increase in the performance.

4.2.3. Using sklearn#

sklearn provides BaggingClassifier to directly perform bagging or pasting. The code is as follows.

from sklearn.ensemble import BaggingClassifier
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

bag_clf = BaggingClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(),
                            n_estimators=1000,
                            max_samples=100,
                            bootstrap=True)

In the above code, bag_clf is a bagging classifier, made of 500 DecisionTreeClassifers, and is trained over subsets of size 100. The option bootstrap=True means that it is bagging. If you would like to use pasting, the option is bootstrap=False.

This bag_clf also has .fit() and .predict() methods. It is used the same as our previous classifiers. Let us try the make_moon dataset.

bag_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred_bag = bag_clf.predict(X_test)
accuracy_score(y_pred_bag, y_test)

0.8593333333333333

4.2.4. OOB score#

When we use bagging, it is possible that some of the training data are not used. In this case, we could record which data are not used, and just use them as the test set, instead of providing extra data for test. The data that are not used is called out-of-bag instances, or oob for short. The accuracy over the oob data is called the oob score.

We could set oob_score=True to enable the function when creating a BaggingClassifier, and use .oob_score_ to get the oob score after training.

bag_clf_oob = BaggingClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(),
                                n_estimators=1000,
                                max_samples=100,
                                bootstrap=True,
                                oob_score=True)
bag_clf_oob.fit(X_train, y_train)
bag_clf_oob.oob_score_

0.865764705882353

4.2.5. Random Forests#

When the classifiers used in a bagging classifier are all Decision Trees, the bagging classifier is called a random forest. sklearn provide RandomForestClassifier class. It is almost the same as BaggingClassifier + DecisionTreeClassifer.

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

rnd_clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=1000, max_leaf_nodes=17)
rnd_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred_rnd = rnd_clf.predict(X_test)
accuracy_score(y_pred_rnd, y_test)

0.8613333333333333

When we use the Decision Tree as our base estimators, the class RandomForestClassifier provides more control over growing the random forest, with a certain optimizations. If you would like to use other estimators, then BaggingClassifier should be used.

4.2.5.1. Extra-trees#

When growing a Decision Tree, our method is to search through all possible ways to find the best split point that get the lowest Gini impurity. Anohter method is to use a random split. Of course a random tree performs much worse, but if we use it to form a random forest, the voting system can help to increase the accuracy. On the other hand, random split is much faster than a regular Decision Tree.

This type of forest is called Extremely Randomized Trees, or Extra-Trees for short. We could modify the above random forest classifier code to implement the extra-tree algorithm. The key point is that we don’t apply the Decision Tree algorithm to X_subset. Instead we perform a random split.

n_trees = 500
n_instances = 20
rs = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=n_trees, test_size=1, train_size=n_instances).split(X_train)
y_pred_list = list()
acc_list = list()
for mini_train_index, _ in rs:
    X_subset = X_train[mini_train_index]
    y_subset = y_train[mini_train_index]
    clf_ind = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=1)
# random split
    i = np.random.randint(0, X_subset.shape[0])
    j = np.random.randint(0, X_subset.shape[1])
    split_threshold = X_subset[i, j]
    lsetindex = np.where(X_subset[:, j]<split_threshold)[0]

    if len(lsetindex) == 0:
        rsetindex = np.where(X_subset[:, j]>=split_threshold)
        rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
        rmode = rmode[0]
        lmode = 1 - rmode
    else:
        lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
        lmode = lmode[0]
        rmode = 1 - lmode
    y_pred = np.where(X_test[:, j] < split_threshold, lmode, rmode).reshape(-1)
# The above code is used to use the random split to classify the data points
    y_pred_list.append(y_pred)
    acc_list.append(accuracy_score(y_pred, y_test))
print('The mean of individual accuracy: {}'.format(np.mean(acc_list)))

voting = np.array(y_pred_list)
y_pred_mode, _ = mode(voting, axis=0)
y_pred_mode = y_pred_mode.reshape(-1)
print('The accuracy of the bagging classifier: {}'.format(accuracy_score(y_pred_mode, y_test)))

C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])

The mean of individual accuracy: 0.6251720000000001
The accuracy of the bagging classifier: 0.8186666666666667

C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:18: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  rmode, _ = mode(y_subset[rsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:22: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  lmode, _ = mode(y_subset[lsetindex])
C:\Users\Xinli\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_15148\3859426126.py:32: FutureWarning: Unlike other reduction functions (e.g. `skew`, `kurtosis`), the default behavior of `mode` typically preserves the axis it acts along. In SciPy 1.11.0, this behavior will change: the default value of `keepdims` will become False, the `axis` over which the statistic is taken will be eliminated, and the value None will no longer be accepted. Set `keepdims` to True or False to avoid this warning.
  y_pred_mode, _ = mode(voting, axis=0)

From the above example, you may find a significant increase in the performace from the mean individual accuracy to the Extra-tree classifier accuracy. The accuracy of the Extra-tree classifier is also very close to what we get from the original data points, although its base classifier is much simpler.

In sklearn there is an ExtraTreesClassifier to create such a classifier. It is hard to say which random forest is better beforehand. What we can do is to test and calculate the cross-validation scores (with grid search for hyperparameters tuning).

from sklearn.ensemble import ExtraTreesClassifier

ext_clf = ExtraTreesClassifier(n_estimators=1000, max_leaf_nodes=17)
ext_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred_rnd = ext_clf.predict(X_test)
accuracy_score(y_pred_rnd, y_test)

0.852

In the above example, RandomForestClassifier and ExtraTreesClassifier get similar accuracy. However from the code below, you will see that in this example ExtraTreesClassifier is much faster than RandomForestClassifier.

from time import time
t0 = time()
rnd_clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=1000, max_leaf_nodes=17)
rnd_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
t1 = time()
print('Random Frorest: {}'.format(t1 - t0))

t0 = time()
ext_clf = ExtraTreesClassifier(n_estimators=1000, max_leaf_nodes=17)
ext_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
t1 = time()
print('Extremely Randomized Trees: {}'.format(t1 - t0))

Random Frorest: 4.154201984405518

Extremely Randomized Trees: 1.5466604232788086

4.2.5.2. Gini importance#

After training a Decision Tree, we could look at each node. Each split is against a feature, which decrease the Gini impurity the most. In other words, we could say that the feature is the most important during the split.

Using the average Gini impurity decreased as a metric, we could measure the importance of each feature. This is called Gini importance. If the feature is useful, it tends to split mixed labeled nodes into pure single class nodes.

In the case of random forest, since there are many trees, we might compute the weighted average of the Gini importance across all trees. The weight depends on how many times the feature is used in a specific node.

Using RandomForestClassifier, we can directly get access to the Gini importance of each feature by .feature_importance_. Please see the following example.

rnd_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
rnd_clf.feature_importances_

array([0.44151985, 0.55848015])

In this example, you may see that the two features are relavely equally important, where the second feature is slightly more important since on average it decrease the Gini impurity a little bit more.